Cirkus Verdensteater (Oslo)
From Circopedia
By Dominique Jando
At the time of the circus's construction(French) A temporary circus building, originally made of wood and canvas, and later, of steel elements supporting a canvas top and wooden wall. Also known as a "semi-construction.", the city was still called Kristiania (it will become Oslo in 1925), and the circus was known originally as Cirkusbygningen i Kristiania ("Kristiania's circus building"). It was built by a Danish businessman named Bernhard Holger Jacobsen (1866-1933), who had purchased the piece of land on which the Tivoli Gardens stood in 1887. The Tivoli Gardens were a place of entertainment with, among other attractions, a restaurant and a small theater. It was moderately successful, and Jacobsen thought building a circus there would attract larger crowds.
The architect he chose was Ove Laurentius Ekman (1847-1921), who had designed several buildings in Kristiana, none of which of great significance: sadly, the Cirkusbygningen was to be his vanished masterpiece. It was a massive structure of red brick, with a monumental stone façade. The entire building occupied a total surface of 3,200 square meters (3,827 square yards); the house was 40 meters in diameter (131.23 feet), with a cupola that culminated at 32 meters (105 feet).
The house could accommodate 2,500 spectators, with four rows of seats around the ring and a row of boxes just behind them, and a third category with nine rows of seats on the upper level. Columns supported the cupola on the periphery behind the boxes. The orchestra was positioned above the ring entrance. The rest of the building housed the stables, storage rooms, dressing rooms for the performers, and the administration. It was heated and equipped with electric lighting. The total coast of the construction(French) A temporary circus building, originally made of wood and canvas, and later, of steel elements supporting a canvas top and wooden wall. Also known as a "semi-construction." amounted to 300,000 kronen, quite a significant amount at the time.
A Polyvalent Venue
Holger Jacobsen, who owned the Tivoli Gardens and the circus until 1897, was not himself a showman, and the Cirkusbygningen had been built principally to accommodate circus companies visiting Oslo—which they had done in this area for many years in various wooden constructions. The grand opening, on March 15, 1890, was quite an event, with the visit of Gothold Schumann's renowned Cirkus Schumann, which was then based in Sweden and showed regularly in Oslo. Gothold's son and successor, Max, and Max's sons and grandsons, would subsequently bring Cirkus Schumann to Oslo regularly, until the demolition of the building to make place for the new Vika neighborhood: Cirkus Schumann was the last circus to perform in the Cirkus Verdensteater in 1935.
Since it had no permanent company, the circus quickly became a multiple-usages performing space, hosting activities that were not necessarily related to the circus (thus its later name: Cirkus Verdensteater): In 1896, it presented the first cinema performance in Norway. It became also well-known and appreciated for its music concerts—and its own resident orchestra had been led by such guest conductors as the celebrated Norwegian composers Johan Svendsen (1840–1911) and Edvard Grieg (1843–1907).
Visiting circuses still performed in the building, however. Besides Cirkus Schumann, which remained an occasional visitor, the Cirkus Verdensteater hosted, over the years, Circus Corty-Althoff, Cirkus Kolzer, Circus Beketov, William Caspar's Cirque du Nord, Circus Carré, Jean Houcke's Nouveau Cirque, Cirkus Orlando, Andrea Ciniselli's Circus Ciniselli, and Circus Hagenbeck in 1916—the last tenant, among many others, before a long hiatus that will be broken only with the final return of the Schumanns in 1935.
Unfortunately, Vika, the part of the city in which the circus stood was quite ancient and in need of remodeling. When it was decided in 1916 that a new City Hall would be built in Vika, the old, dilapidated buildings that formed the neighborhood had to disappear to allow a modern redesign of the area. The Tivoli Gardens and the Cirkus Verdensteater remained standing for a long time, but were finally demolished in 1935, never to be replaced.
Suggested Reading
- Geir Støre, Kristiania tivoli & cirkus (Oslo, Brød & Cirkus, 2021) — ISBN 978-82-303-4913-7
Image Gallery
Ove Ekman (1898)
Map showing the Cirkus Vardensteater in Kristiania (1902)
Cirkus Vardensteater in Christiania (c.1905)
Cirkus Schumann at the Cirkus Vardensteater (c.1925)
Last performance of Cirkus Schumann at the Cirkus Verdensteater (1935)
